利用 Doctest：文档驱动测试的力量

            def greet(name):
    """
    Returns a greeting message.

    Examples:
    >>> greet('World')
    'Hello, World!'
    >>> greet('Pythonista')
    'Hello, Pythonista!'
    """
    return f'Hello, {name}!'

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            python -m doctest greetings.py

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def greet_buggy(name):
    """
    Returns a greeting message (with a bug).

    Examples:
    >>> greet_buggy('World')
    'Hello, World!' # Expected output
    """
    return f'Hi, {name}!' # Incorrect greeting

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            **********************************************************************
File "greetings.py", line 7, in greetings.greet_buggy
Failed example:
    greet_buggy('World')
Expected:
    'Hello, World!'
Got:
    'Hi, World!'
**********************************************************************
1 items had failures:
   1 of   1 in greetings.greet_buggy
***Test Failed*** 1 failures.

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def add(a, b):
    """
    Adds two numbers.

    Examples:
    >>> add(5, 3)
    8
    >>> add(-1, 1)
    0
    >>> add(0.5, 0.25)
    0.75
    """
    return a + b

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def capitalize_first_letter(text):
    """
    Capitalizes the first letter of a string.

    Examples:
    >>> capitalize_first_letter('hello')
    'Hello'
    >>> capitalize_first_letter('WORLD')
    'WORLD'
    >>> capitalize_first_letter('')
    ''
    """
    if not text:
        return ''
    return text[0].upper() + text[1:]

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def get_unique_elements(input_list):
    """
    Returns a list of unique elements from the input list, preserving order.

    Examples:
    >>> get_unique_elements([1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4])
    [1, 2, 3, 4]
    >>> get_unique_elements(['apple', 'banana', 'apple'])
    ['apple', 'banana']
    >>> get_unique_elements([])
    []
    """
    seen = set()
    unique_list = []
    for item in input_list:
        if item not in seen:
            seen.add(item)
            unique_list.append(item)
    return unique_list

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def divide(numerator, denominator):
    """
    Divides two numbers.

    Examples:
    >>> divide(10, 2)
    5.0
    >>> divide(5, 0)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
    """
    return numerator / denominator

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            class Circle:
    """
    Represents a circle.

    Examples:
    >>> c = Circle(radius=5)
    >>> c.area()
    78.53981633974483
    >>> c.circumference()
    31.41592653589793
    """
    def __init__(self, radius):
        if radius < 0:
            raise ValueError("Radius cannot be negative.")
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        import math
        return math.pi * self.radius ** 2

    def circumference(self):
        import math
        return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            # In a file, e.g., test_all.py
import doctest
import greetings # Assuming greetings.py contains the greet function
import my_module # Assume other modules also have doctests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    results = doctest.testmod(m=greetings, verbose=True)
    # You can also test multiple modules:
    # results = doctest.testmod(m=my_module, verbose=True)
    print(f"Doctest results for greetings: {results}")

    # To test all modules in the current directory (use with caution):
    # for name, module in sys.modules.items():
    #     if name.startswith('your_package_prefix'):
    #         doctest.testmod(m=module, verbose=True)

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            import doctest
import math_utils

if __name__ == "__main__":
    doctest.testmod(m=math_utils, optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS | doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE)

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def complex_calculation(x):
    """
    Performs a calculation that might have varying whitespace.

    >>> complex_calculation(10)
    Calculation result:  100.0

    # doctest: +ELLIPSIS +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
    >>> another_calculation(5)
    Result is ...
    """
    pass # Placeholder for actual implementation

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def square_root(n):
    """
    Calculates the square root of a number.

    >>> square_root(2)
    1.4142135623730951 # Might vary slightly
    """
    import math
    return math.sqrt(n)

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            import datetime
import locale

def format_date_locale(date_obj):
    """
    Formats a date object according to the current locale.

    # This test assumes a specific locale is set for demonstration.
    # In a real scenario, you'd need to manage locale setup carefully.
    # For example, using: locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, 'en_US.UTF-8')

    # Example for a US locale:
    # >>> dt = datetime.datetime(2023, 10, 27)
    # >>> format_date_locale(dt)
    # '10/27/2023'

    # Example for a German locale:
    # >>> dt = datetime.datetime(2023, 10, 27)
    # >>> format_date_locale(dt)
    # '27.10.2023'

    # A more robust test might use ELLIPSIS if locale is unpredictable:
    # >>> dt = datetime.datetime(2023, 10, 27)
    # >>> format_date_locale(dt)
    # '...'
    # This approach is less precise but more resilient to locale changes.
    """
    try:
        # Attempt to use locale formatting, fallback if unavailable
        return locale.strxfrm(date_obj.strftime('%x'))
    except locale.Error:
        # Fallback for systems without locale data
        return date_obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') # ISO format as fallback

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            def usd_to_eur(amount_usd):
    """
    Converts an amount from US Dollars (USD) to Euros (EUR) using a fixed rate.
    The current exchange rate used is 1 USD = 0.93 EUR.

    Examples:
    >>> usd_to_eur(100)
    93.0
    >>> usd_to_eur(0)
    0.0
    >>> usd_to_eur(50.5)
    46.965
    >>> usd_to_eur(-10)
    -9.3
    """
    exchange_rate = 0.93
    return amount_usd * exchange_rate

            

              
                Copy